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spontaneous ESP experiences take place in dreams. 11 Sigmund Freud wrote about the telepathic content of dreams.12 And psychiatrist Jule Eisenbud has spoken and written widely about patients who have dreamt about events in Eisenbud's own life.13
Based on the idea that dreams might be a good source of ESP, researchers at Maimonides Hospital in Brooklyn, New York undertook a decade-long study in the 1960s of the occurrence of psychic events in dreams. This pioneering team included psychiatrist Dr. Montague Ullman, who was research director for the hospital, psychologist Dr. Stanley Krippner, and writer and researcher Alan Vaughan. Krippner went on to found Saybrook College, and to become a distinguished researcher of psychic healing around the world, and Vaughan became a highly regarded author, healer, and psychic. This team carried out many successful, innovative experiments in which a subject was asked to go to sleep and dream about a randomly chosen painting that a sender would look at throughout the night.
The sleepers had electrodes attached to their heads so that the experimenters would know from their brain waves and rapid eye movements (REM) when they had entered dreaming sleep. In 1953, Nathaniel Kleitman and his colleagues at the University of Chicago showed that REM sleep is very reliably associated with the dreaming state.
In the Maimonides experiments, the researchers would, at the first signs of REM activity, alert the sender  who was 98 feet away in another part of the hospital  to pay particular attention to the picture he or she was viewing. At the end of each dream period throughout the night, the experimenters would awaken the sleeper and tell him or her, "We know you have just been dreaming. Please tell us about it." The results were remarkable. As described in their book Dream Telepathy, the sleeper was able to relate dream experiences that were strongly correlated with the pictures viewed by the sender. These statistically significant correlations were made by "blind" judges who had to match each of the eight dream reports against the eight pictures used for that series.14
Two series of particularly successful trials were carried out with psychologist William Erwin as the sleeping subject. "Multisensory" materials

 
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