| Command | Action |
|---|---|
| :r file | Read in contents of file after cursor. |
| :r !command | Read in output from command after current line. |
| :nr !command | Like preceding, but place after line n (0 for top of file). |
| :!command | Run command, then return. |
| !object command | Send object, indicated by a movement command, as input to shell command command; replace object with command output. |
| :n1,n2! command | Send lines n1 through n2 to command; replace with output. |
| n!!command | Send n lines to command; replace with output. |
| !! | Repeat last system command. |
| !!command | Replace current line with output of command. |
| :sh | Create subshell; return to file with EOF. |
| Ctrl-Z | Suspend editor, resume with fg. |
| :so file | Read and execute ex commands from file. |
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